News Essay

Newspapers have been around since the 16^th century and has built itself up to be the source of information with everything that happens in the world. For hundreds and hundreds of years newspapers have remained basically the same in the way they function and how they deliver the news, however in todays society modern technology has changed the way we access the news on a day to day basis. Modern society is going to be the death of printed copies of newspapers.

Over the past few years various newspapers have either closed or filed for bankruptcy as they haven’t changed their business trend, meaning they continued to publish paper copies of news when customers weren’t buying them but rather views the news online. This competitive advantage allows people to receive faster, more up to date news without having to carry around a clunk of paper. This allows commuters to read on the go, in the rain and in tight areas such as the tube. However, this change in trend allows businesses to fund the printing of newspapers, providing for the more old-fashion customers.

This technological change isn’t all bad though. Online news has enticed more readers by presenting a variety of ways to present the media, rather than just texts and pictures on a page e.g. videos of interviews. This also adds more of an emotional effect to the story. Another positive that online news has come with is allowing viewers to comment underneath articles, giving more of an inside towards politics and outlining their opinions on stories. But where there’s a positive there’s always a negative and allowing people to comment causes arguments and conflict. One of the most recent discoveries is that screen time on cellular devices is taking over our everyday lives which can lead to physical damage such as eye strain and headaches/migraines, therefore having the hard copy would be more natural and put more pressure on the body to help potentially wind down and relax. The largest population to read 'hard' newspapers are citizens over the age of 65. Unfortunately, due to more recent technological advancements that generation have lacked to training and bringing up around these advancements and are unable to work/use them.

Most recent studies suggest that The Daily Mail had an overall decrease of 55% of printed papers during the start of the 21st century from the 1960's. Since then online newspapers were first published and have clearly been shown through recent years to be enjoyed and used worldwide.

George Gerbner - Drip Drip Effect

The repetition of images, stories, etc. begin to shape our beliefs (dripping tap).

Teenagers - School, Spotty, Moody, Lazy

Muslims - Religious, Terrorists, Fasting, Annoying,

Gypsies - Caravan, Scumbags, Pikeys, Fights, Incest

Americans - Fat, Loud, Annoying, Patriotic

Doctors - Smart, Professional, Savers

Girls from Essex - Slags, Tarts, Orange, Fake, Lovely

News Industry Research

Aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures equate to about half of their 2007 due to the technological advancement in society, creating more of a demand for news. The 21st century has created more of a demand for online news then ever before therefore decreasing the amount of hard copy's of news and sales, as customers believe that reading online news is easier and more straight forward for the current population. 

Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) Independent, non-profit organisation comprising of, and supported by, publishers, advertisers, advertising agencies, and commercial websites, to audit and certify circulation and site-traffic claims of its members.

Personally I believe that Sunday News sells the most as people tend to rest on Sundays as they aren't at work nor staying out late.

The leading broadsheet is Daily Telegraph, the leading tabloid is The Sun  and the leading mid market is The Daily Mail . 

The daily mail is shown to be the second most popular paper, but most popular mid market. Whereas, the Guardian is shown to be towards the lower ends of the scale due it's the niche audience. As The Daily Mail is a  mid market it has broadsheet and tabloid aspects therefore is will have a vast audience from both community's.

The Guardian Media group is owned by the Scott Trust, which is a private company whose core purpose is to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian. The papers values are to be honest, fair and bring integrity to the reader.

Personally in terms of digital distribution I believe the most important brand identity has to be about the online websites, as many commuters and other people have technological devices such as laptops and tablets that may not be able to download the application therefore it is easier to access the internet. E.g people on work breaks are predominantly at computers or desk tops therefore it is easiest to view; as most works now ban the use of mobile phones within a certain block/building due to distraction.

The UK newspapers appear to be the least trusted in Europe, according to research by the European Broadcasting Union. It carried out surveys of 1000 members of the public in each of 33 European countries for its Trust in Media report. The UK by far the least trusted 'written press' of any European country.

The Independent Press Standards Organisations are the regulators for most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code.

Print display advertising revenue for the national UK newspapers has grown for the first time in more than seven years, according to a new report on ad expenditure. Display ads in national titles saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018, putting it at a total of £152.6m for the period. Within tabloids print display advertising grew by 3% year on year.

Newspaper - Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages of online newspapers:

- easier to update (live updates)
- larger audience
- more modern
- easy access for some
- don't have to go out to a shop (more practical)
- free (paywalls - Daily Telegraph, Financial Times,The Times)
- your own personal account to choose topics - personalising it
- contact papers quickly
- comments on news stories - audience participation
- easy to share articles
- more interactive - video


Disadvantages of online newspapers:

- holding something - more liked by people
- internet needed
- can't keep the story
- less accessible for the older generations
- more information in the paper
- pop-ups
- long term eye strain
- technical errors

Newspaper Analysis

	The Guardian	Daily Mirror
Who was involved?	-     The newspaper shows that twin toddlers were the main victims, both one-year-old, the next-door neighbour, eye witness, their mother and their dad, age 33.	The newspaper shows that twin toddlers were the main victims, both one year old, the next-door neighbour, eye witness, their mother and their dad, age 33.
What happened?	Boy was pronounced dead at 1am, due to murder, one man has been arrested in having connections into the murder.	A man is held after a toddler dies in a hammer attack, with the twin sister in critical condition.
Where did it happen?	At Finsbury park north London.	A property in Hackney, North London.
When did it happen?	18th March 2017	18th March 2017
How did it happen?		A man allegedly murdered a baby with a hammer.
Why did it happen?		Sometimes the ‘father’ said he’d say maybe they aren’t his children.
What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information? Why do you think that is?	The Guardian presents a less gruesome story compared to the Daily Mirror. The Guardian shows

Newspaper Analysis

News Table

	The Sun (70p)	The Daily Mail (£1)	The Telegraph (£2.20)
Owned By	Published by the News Group Newspapers division of News UK, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.	Daily Mail and General Trust plc is a British media company, the owner of The Daily Mail and several other titles.	It is a subsidiary of Press Holdings.
Audience	The sun targets mainly people over the age of 15. More woman than men read the sun Few people in London read the sun.	Readership of the Daily Mail among individuals from the ABC1 social class is higher than among the C2DE social class – 18.3 million and 10.1 million readers respectively. People of age 65+ are more likely to read this newspaper as young people tend to favour The Daily Star and The Sun	The Telegraph write much more factual and serious articles than other newspapers such as the Sun, as their newspapers are aimed at an older target audience. A recent study showed that the average age of readership that the Telegraph has is 61, which is much higher than the average readership of it's counterparts
Online	The sun broadcasts their news online with free access to everyone who goes on the website.		News is published online, with various access passes, the standard daily pass is £2.00, ranging for the premium yearly subscription of £300
Circulation	1,481,876 (as of March 2018)	1,383,932 (as of November 2017)	458,487 (as of November 2017)
Political Alignment	Conservative	Conservative	Centre-right

Tabloid & Broadsheet

	Broadsheet	Tabloid
Content	Emphasis on important global/national news, political, economic, social and cultural issues. Covers politics, finance and current affairs. Often has a sports supplement.	Emphasis on easy-to-understand and dramatic stories about personalities. Covers sensational news, scandals, gossip, celebrities. Has a large sports section.
Appearance	Few photographs, A2 size, black/white. Front page more informative, about public issues. Design emphasises content through detailed articles in small print, with some emphasis on photographs and restrained use of colour.	Large eye-catching photographs, A3 size, colour. Front page is entertaining/eye-catching, easy to understand. Design emphasises visual appeal through photographs, colourful font and reversed print on colourful boxes.
Headlines	Informative, factual, serious language, black/white.	Dramatic, exaggerated, slang, bold/colour.
Articles	Formal language, highly researched, factual details, neutral and unbiased, small print. Varied types of sentences. Emphasis on information.	Simple language, some research, less details more speculation, bias obvious, large print. Very short sound-bites or sentences. Emphasis on emotion and sensation.

Representation Notes

Definitions:

Stereotypes
- media industries use stereotypes
- repeated so we think they are normal or true

Archetypes
- ultimate stereotypes e.g. white stiletto wearing, big busted, brainless blonde bimbos

Counter-type
- challenges tradition stereo-typically associations of groups, people/places

Representation: 

          - the way in which people, events and ideas are presented to the audience
- the media takes something that is already there and represents it to us in the way that they choose. Media is rarely one hundred percent true.
- they are created by producers (anyone who makes a media text) of media texts.
- what they choose to present to us is controlled by gatekeepers.

“Gatekeepers” - any person involved in a media production with the power to make a decision about something the audience are allowed to.

DR CAGES

Disability
Regional identity
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity 
Sexuality 

Newspaper Formats

Stereotypes

Stereotype: 

• media industries use stereotypes because the audience usually understand the character instantly. (Visual shortcut). Therefore it is often repeated and over used, usually creating a bad image on a certain group.

Archetypes:

• 'Ultimate' stereotype, (Blonde bimbo, who has no knowledge).

Counter type:

• representation that challenges tradition stereotypical associations.